Does Spelling Transparency Affect Visual Word Recognition And Short Essay

Does Spelling Transparency Affect Visual Word Recognition And Short Term Memory - Essay Example Before this is attained the logographic stage represents a group of arbitrary symbols without any meaning. When the alphabetic stage is attained (phonological recoding), transparent languages, as Italian, Greek and Spanish where a 'd' sounds like a 'd', the assembled pathway or assemble phonology is opened. It is not 100% infallible. The inconsistencies in the phonological recoding will mean that reading development will not be at the same rapidity for each language. A European study was completed of 14 European languages. It was found that "more transparent the language, the quicker students acquired logographic to phonemes (Ziegler, 2010). There were two other studies completed to confirm the findings. The socio-cultural behavioural differences were limited by taking similar cities which taught bilingual cultures. These two studies having taken into account the socio-cultural difference confirmed the findings of the European study. One study was done in Montreal where English and F rench are taught and in Whales where parents have a choice of sending their children to a Welsh or English speaking school. There is a relationship between those children, who have an understanding of a phoneme, rhyme or syllable, and those children who have better reading skills (Natasza 2010) "While early phonological awareness deficits do not have a strong influence on children's later reading development, deficits in sequential naming speed measure do. The deficits will require use of different lexicons to have a high level of spelling accuracy." (Landerl, Wimmer , 2008) In transparent languages, acquisition of the alphabetic stage comes more easily. (Ziegler 2010) A conclusive example are the two Japanese written... This paper stresses that it has been shown that spelling transparency is determined by the accessibility of the grapheme to phoneme association and its link to creating words. It has been demonstrated that there are different degrees of transparencies from Italian to Kanji where a "d" is a "d" and where a language stay completely in the logographic stage. The more transparent a language is the more access a reader has to an addressed process and to fewer lexicons thus easier comprehension to visual recognition. If a language is opaque and has a complex morphological system, the channeling processes requires the development of address processes and at least two lexicons. Visual Recognition takes longer. This report makes a conclusion that the phonological short term memory has been treated separately because of the importance of phonetic awareness and the effect on dyslexic children. The different mapping and lexicons have been shown to be an integral part of spelling transparency thus one can conclude that Spelling transparency effects word recognition. One can conclude that Spelling transparency has an effect on phonological short term memory for non cognitive impaired subjects. In assembled phonology, priming is stronger with pseudohomophones. and other lexicons must be used in addition to the phonological lexicon in order for words to be more easily recognized in transparent languages by their phonological components. French is a transparent language but there are many homophones.

Voting behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Voting behavior - Essay Example The choice of a certain candidate therefore seemed to reflect the people’s behavior, the state of the country and the specific concerns that the candidates had for the citizens. The paper will use various tables in order to describe the voting behavior among various people. Demographics affects how people vote because it has a direct reflection on what attitudes people hold to various issues, abortion being one of them. This has been supported by the election’s literature that suggests that thing like abortion and gayness receive attention when choosing a leader. Table six communicates largely on the voting behavior of voters to various candidates based on their attitudes towards abortion. From the table, it is clear that those people who supported abortion voted in large numbers for Obama as compared to McCain which was 78% and 20% respectively. On the other hand, the people who opposed abortion voted largely for McCain, 54% as compared to Obama who had 45%. Obama still received higher votes in those people who supported abortion for reasons such as rape and clear need but the difference was not much. The other candidates received minor votes ranging from 1-2%. This voting behavior has a clear suggestion on the candidate, their position on the variable and also the demographics of those people that voted. There is a clear suggestion from the table that Obama was also in support of abortion while McCain s against the whole issue of abortion. There is no way the people who supported abortion could support Obama or vice versa if he was not of the idea himself. In terms of demographics, there is a clear indication that those who supported Obama most in this variable are women as compared to men. This is because the issues of abortion are of concern to women because they directly affect them in reference to men. Another clear suggestion is that the population in support consists of younger people who are